Synoptic Problem Main Page References

References cited on the Main Page. A full set of references is in the Bibliography

Abbott 1901
Edwin A. Abbott, The Corrections of Mark Adopted by Matthew and Luke (Diatessarica 2; London: Black, 1901).
Abbott & Rushbrooke 1884
Edwin A. Abbott & W. G. Rushbrooke, The Common Tradition of the Synoptic Gospels in the Text of the Revised Version (London: Macmillan and Co., 1884).
On-line version, pp. v-xi, ed., Stephen C. Carlson at Synoptic Problem.
Aland 1964, 3 1965
Kurt Aland, ed., Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum: Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorm et patrum adhibitis edidit (Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt Stuttgart, 1964; 3d ed., 1965).
Aland 1972, 10 1993
Kurt Aland, ed., Synopsis of the Four Gospels: Greek-English Edition of the Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum, on the basis of the Greek Text of Nestle-Aland 26th Edition and Greek New Testament 3rd Edition (Corrected) (Stuttgart: German Bible Society, 1972; 10th ed., 1993).
Bellinzoni 1985
Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr., ed., with the assistance of Joseph B. Tyson and William O. Walker, Jr., The Two-Source Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985).
Bleek 1862, 2 1866, ET 1883
Johannes Friedrich Bleek, Einleitung in das Neue Testament (Berlin: Reimer, 1862; 2d ed. 1866); English trans. by William Urwich (Clark's Foreign Theological Library 24; Edinburgh: T. &. T. Clark, 1883).
Büsching 1766
Anton Friedrich Büsching, Die vier Evangelisten mit ihren eigenen Worten zusammengesetzt und mit Erklärungen versehen (Hamburg: 1766).
Butler 1951, * 1985
B. C. Butler, The Originality of St. Matthew: A Critique of the Two-Document Hypothesis (Cambridge: University Press, 1951).
* Pages 62-71 reprinted as "The Lachman Fallacy" in Two Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 133-142).
Butler 1969, * 1985
B. C. Butler, "The Synoptic Problem" in A New Catholic Commentary on Holy Scriptures, R. C. Fuller, L. Johnston, & C. Kearns, eds., (Nelson, 1969) 815-21;
* Reprinted in Two-Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 97-118).
Chapman 1937
John Chapman, edited with an introduction and some additional matter by John M. T. Barton, Matthew, Mark and Luke: A Study in the Order and Interrelation of the Synoptic Gospels (London: Longmans, Green, 1937).
Farmer 1964, 2 1976, * 1985
William R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis (Macmillan, 1964; 2d ed., Dillsboro, N.C.: Western North Carolina Press, 1976)
* Pages 199-232 reprinted as "A New Introduction to the Problem" in Two Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 163-97).
On-line précis, Stephen C. Carlson at Synoptic Problem.
On-line summary, Geoff Trowbridge.
Farrer 1955, * 1985
A. M. Farrer, "On Dispensing with Q" in Studies in the Gospels (Nineham 1955: 55-88).
* Reprinted in The Two Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 321-56).
On-line version, ed., Mark Goodacre at Mark without Q.
Goodacre 1996
Mark S. Goodacre, Goulder and the Gospels: An Examination of a New Paradigm (Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 133; Sheffield: Academic Press, 1996).
Reviews by Robert Gundry, SBL Review of Biblical Literature (1998), Journal of Biblical Literature 117 (1998): 742-4, on-line version; Stephen Greenhalgh, Scripture Bulletin 28/1 (January 1998): 46-8; Allan J. McNicol, "Has Goulder Sunk Q?: An Assessment of Mark Goodacre’s Goulder and the Gospels: An Examination of a New Paradigm," read to the Synoptic Problem Seminar at SNTS Birmingham (August 1997), on-line version, PDF version; Frans Neirynck, "Goulder and the Minor Agreements," Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 73 (1997): 84-93; Christopher Tuckett, Journal of Theological Studies 49 (1998): 233-7.
Goulder 1974
M. D. Goulder, Midrash and Lection in Matthew (London: 1974).
Goulder 1989
Michael D. Goulder, Luke: A New Paradigm (Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 20; Sheffield: Academic Press, 1989).
Greeven 1978
Heinrich Greeven, English translation by Robert Althann, S.J., "The Gospel Synopsis from 1776 to the Present Day" in J. J. Griesbach (Orchard & Longstaff 1978: 22-49).
Greeven 1981
Albert Huck, Synopse der drei ersten Evangelien mit Beigage der johanneischen Parallelstellen; Synopsis of the First Three Gospels with the addition of the Johannine Parallels, 13. Auflage, völlig neu bearbeitet von, 13th edition, fundamentally revised by Heinrich Greeven (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1981).
Griesbach 1789-90, 2 1794, * 1978, * ET 1978
Johan Jakob Griesbach, Commentatio qua Marci Evangelium totum e Matthaei et Lucae commentariis decerptum esse monstratur [A dissertation in which the whole Gospel of Mark is shown to be derived from the memoirs of Matthew and Luke], I-II (Jena, 1789-90), enlarged ed., in J. C. Velsthusen et al., eds., Commentationes theologicae, vol. I (Leipzig, 1794): 360-434; reprinted in Griesbach, Opsuscula academica, J. Ph. Gabler, ed., vol. II (Jena, 1825) 358-425.
* Reprinted in J. J. Griesbach (Orchard & Longstaff 1978: 74-102); English trans. by Bernard Orchard, "A Demonstration that Mark was Written after Matthew and Luke" in J. J. Griesbach (Orchard & Longstaff 1978: 103-135).
Grotius 1641
Hugo Grotius, Annotationes in libros evangeliorum [Notes on the books of the gospels] (Amsterdam, 1641).
Hawkins 1899, 21909
Sir John C. Hawkins, Horae Synopticae: Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899; 2d ed., revised and supplemented,1909).
On-line summary, Stephen C. Carlson at Synoptic Problem.
Herder 1797, *1880
Johann Gottfried Herder, Christliche Schriften [Christian Writings] (3 vols.; Riga, 1797), * also in Collected Works, ed. B. Suphan, (1880) 19:135ff., 253ff.
Holtzmann 1863
Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Die Synoptischen Evangelien: Ihr Ursprung und ihr geschichtlicher Charakter [The Synoptic Gospels: Their Origin and their Historical Character], (Leipzig, 1863).
Holtzmann 1885
Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Lehrbuch der historisch-kritischen Einleitung in das neue Testament [Textbook of the Historical-Critical Introduction to the New Testament] (Sammlung theologischer Lehrbücher; Freiburg i. B.: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1885).
Huggins 1992, * 1999
Ronald V. Huggins, "Matthean Posteriority: A Preliminary Proposal," Novum Testamentum 34 (1992): 1-22.
* Reprinted in The Synoptic Problem and Q (Orton 1999: 204-25).
Jameson 1922
H. G. Jameson, The Origin of the Synoptic Gospels: A Revision of the Synoptic Problem (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1922).
Koester 1990
Helmut Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development (Philaelphia: Trinity Press Int'l, 1990).
Koppe 1782, 2 1789
Johann Benjamin Koppe, Marcus non Epitomator Matthaei [Mark is not the abbreviator of Matthew] (Göttingen, 1782; 2d ed. 1789).
Lessing 1778, * 1886-1924, ET 1956
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, "Neue Hypothese über die Evangelisten als bloss menschliche Geschichtesschreiber betracht" (1778 unpub.) in Theologischer Nachlass (Berlin, 1784): 42-75; repr. in Lachmann & Muncker, eds., Lessings Werke (1886-1924) 16:370-91; English trans. by Henry Chadwick, "New Hypothesis Concerning the Evangelists Regarded as Merely Human Historians" in Lessing's Theological Writings (Stanford: University Press, 1956): 65-81.
Lindsey 1963, * 1999
R. L. Lindsey, "A Modified Two-Document Theory of the Synoptic Dependence and Independence," Novum Testamentum 6 (1963): 239-63.
* Reprinted in Synoptic Problem and Q (Orton 1999: 7-31).
Lindsey 2 1973
Robert Lisle Lindsey, A Hebrew Translation of the Gospel of Mark: Greek-Hebrew Diglot with English Introduction, forward by David Flusser (Jerusalem: Dugith, 2d ed., 1973).
Linnemann 1992, ET 1992
Eta Linnemann, Gibt es ein synoptisches Problem?, English trans. by Robert W. Yarbrough, Is There a Synoptic Problem: Rethinking the Literary Dependence of the First Three Gospels (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1992).
Lockton 1922
W. Lockton, "The Origin of the Gospels," Church Quarterly Review (July, 1922).
Marsh 1802
Herbert Marsh, "Dissertation on the Origin of our Three First Canonical Gospels" in Introduction to the New Testament by John David Michaelis, vol. 3, pt. 2 (2d ed., London: F. & C. Rivington, 1802) 167-409.
Nineham 1955
D. E. Nineham, ed., Studies in the Gospels: Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1955).
Parker, P. 1953
Pierson Parker, The Gospel Before Mark (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953).
Parker, P. 1980, * 1985
Pierson Parker, "A Second Look at The Gospel Before Mark," Journal of Biblical Literature 100 (1980): 389-413
* Pages 395-405 reprinted as "The Second Gospel is Secondary" in The Two-Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 205-17).
Parker, P.1983
Pierson Parker, "The Posteriority of Mark" in New Synoptic Studies (Farmer 1983a: 65-142)
Riley 1989
Harold Riley, The Making of Mark: An Exploration (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1989).
Riley 1992
Harold Riley, The First Gospel (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1992).
Riley 1993
Harold Riley, Preface to Luke (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1993).
Ropes 1934, 2 1960
James Hardy Ropes, The Synoptic Gospels (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934) with a new preface by D. E. Nineham (London: Oxford University Press, 2d impression, 1960).
On-line quotations, ed. Mark Goodacre at Mark without Q.
Schleiermacher 1832
Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher, "Über die Zeugnisse des Papias von unsern beiden ersten Evangelien" [On the Witness of Papias for Both Our First Gospels] in Theologische Studien und Kritiken (1832).
Simons 1880
Eduard Simons, Hat der dritte Evangelist den kanonishen Mattäus benutzt? [Did the Third Evangelist Use the Canonical Matthew?] (Bonn: Universitäts-Buchdruckerei von Carl Georgi, 1880).
Stein 1987
Robert H. Stein, The Synoptic Problem: An Introduction (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1987).
Stoldt 1977, ET 1980
Hans-Herbert Stoldt, Geschichte und Kritik der Marcushypothese (1977), English trans. by Donald L. Niewyk, History and Criticism of the Markan Hypothesis (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1980).
Storr 1786
Gottlob Christian Storr, Über den Zweck der evangelischen Geschichte und der Briefe Johannis [On the Purpose of the Gospel History and the Johannine Epistles] (Tübingen: 1786).
Streeter 1924, * 1985
Burnett Hillman Streeter, The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins, treating of the manuscript tradition, sources, authorship, & dates (London: Macmillan, 1924).
* Pages 157-69, 195-97 reprinted as "The Priority of Mark" in Two-Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 23-36).
* Pages 182-86 reprinted as "The Document Q" in Two Source Hypothesis (Bellinzoni 1985: 221-25).
Taylor 1933, 2 1935
Vincent Taylor, The Formation of the Gospel Tradition: Eight Lectures (1933; 2d ed., London: Macmillan, 1935).
Weisse 1838
Christian Hermann Weisse, Die evangelische Geschichte kritisch und philosopisch bearbeitet [The Gospel History Critically and Philosophically Treated] (Leipzig, 1838).
Weisse 1856
Christian Hermann Weisse, Die Evangelienfrage in ihrem gegenwärtigen Stadium [The Question of the Gospels at the Present Stage] (1856).
Wenham 1992
John Wenham, Redating Matthew, Mark & Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1992).
Wernle 1899
Paul Wernle, Die synoptische Frage [The Synoptic Question] (Freiburg i. B.: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1899).
Westcott 1851, 2 1860, 7 1888
Brooke Foss Westcott, Elements of the Gospel Harmony (1851), rev. Introduction to the Study of the Gospels (2d ed., 1860; 7th ed., London: Macmillan, 1888).
Wilke 1838
Christian Gottlob Wilke, Der Urevangelist oder exegetisch-kritische Untersuchung über das Verwandtschaftsverhältnis der drei ersten Evangelien [The Original Evangelist or Exegetical Critical Investigation into the Interrelationships of the First Three Gospels] (Dresden & Leipzig, 1838).
Zahn 1897, ET 1909
Theodor Zahn, Introduction to the New Testament, trans. from the 3d German ed. by Trout et al. (1909).
Stephen C. Carlson
Created: June 9, 2001
Revised: June 09, 2001
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